Connectivity, community, and sense of belonging

This chapter illustrates how the change to a virtual setting challenged students' social connectedness and sense of belonging. It demonstrates how students found a way to build social connectedness in a virtual setting that reinforced their sense of community. The chapter discusses how Students of Color experienced the COVID-19 interruption. It offers insights into whether thriving in college is even possible for students when their means of creating community have been disrupted. At the University of Utah, the detachment was experienced by students in their interactions with faculty and their relationships with their friends, peers, and classmates. The closing of campus and the shift to online learning also limited students' social connectedness with friends, classmates, and peers. Students also relied on new communities to gain motivation and achieve academically. University employees were also a part of students' relational communities. Some students created a strong emotional connection with staff members, such as advisors and student affairs professionals. The pandemic and the resulting educational changes added another layer of complexity to the academic experiences of Students of Color. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

China's education response to COVID-19: A perspective of policy analysis

This study explores how China's education responses to COVID-19 from a perspective of policy analysis. Specifically, it involves building an educational policy system for COVID-19 to examine educational governance framework, school management and teaching, policies for teachers during the epidemic. The education policy during the epidemic has achieved positive results. Those results aim to ensure the physical and mental health of teachers and students, ensure the supply of epidemic prevention materials and educational resources, ensure the quality of students' learning, and enhance the application ability of teachers' teaching technology. The process of policy changes and effects of policy implementation have been examined to analyze how China's education responses to COVID-19. The characteristics and experience of China's education policy in response to the epidemic concentrate on forming a governance system under the centralized and unified leadership of the Communist Party of China, building a pattern in which families and schools cooperate closely to promote the smooth development of education and teaching, transforming from an emergency substitute during the crisis into an important motivation to promote the transformation of education paradigm, and paying great attention to remote and poor areas and disadvantaged student groups.

Turnover Intention Model: Self- Determination Theory Approach: Acces la Success

The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the influence of mental workload and person-organization fit on turnover intention, using basic psychological needs frustration (BPNF) as the intervening variable in the hospital in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. The sample of this study is vocational nurse in the hospital in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. The sample is carried out through survey from 153 respondents, which is processed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method. This study finds that mental workload does not have direct influence on turnover intention, but it is mediated (full mediation) by need for competence frustration and need for relatedness frustration. Person-organization fit has a positive influence on need for autonomy frustration. However, person-organization fit does not have an influence on turnover intention, and basic psychological needs does not mediate the relationship of these variables. This study also found that the category of mental workload is quite low, person-organization fit is low, basic psychological needs frustration is quite low, and turnover intention is low. Nurse has the extrinsic motivation of identified regulation, thus hospital leaders should bring their motivation from identified regulation to intrinsic motivation, through internalization by establishing supportive work environment, namely Islamic spiritual workplace (ISW), with basic psychological needs supporting in each of its dimension. This study is expected to be a reference for practitioners in human resource management, especially regarding human resource retention function through the implementation of ISW. ISW contributes to lower mental workload, the increase of person-organization fit, establishment of basic psychological need satisfaction, as well as the decrease of basic psychological needs frustration and turnover intention.

Barriers to Engagement in Surgical Simulation Education

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted clinical experience and case volumes. Surgical simulation is now an even more powerful training tool and, to maximize potential, we must ensure learner engagement. Our aim was to identify barriers to surgical simulation engagement and strategies to mitigate these. Method(s): Scoping search was performed with a trained librarian of PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science. Title and screening were completed with inclusion criteria: articles describing barriers to engagement with surgical simulation. After full text screening, data was extracted from included articles: type of study, MERSQI score, type/number of participants, barriers to engagement and strategies to mitigate these. Result(s): Twenty-nine manuscripts were included with 951 faculty and 2,467 residents. The majority (86%) were in high income countries (HIC) and four in LMICs. Most were surveys (22/29), and five involved semi-structured interviews/focus groups. Mean adjusted MERSQI score was 8. Commonest barriers to HIC engagement were learner clinical duties (9/25), lack of learner time (13/25), lack of learner interest/motivation (9/25) and lack of faculty time or interest to participate (12/25). In LMIC, commonest barriers were lack of simulation lab/equipment (4/4), cost (3/4) and inadequate supervision (3/4). Strategies to improve HIC engagement were mandatory/protected resident simulation training (9/25) and, in LMIC, low cost simulators (4/4) and sharing resources (2/4). Conclusion(s): Identification of barriers to simulation engagement is crucial for successful learning. Given the increased importance of simulation education due to the COVID-19 pandemic, surgical educators should strategize to maximize engagement.

The multi-method approach to analyzing motivations and perceived travel risks: impacts on domestic tourists' adaptive behaviors and tourism destination advocacy

The study investigated factors influencing tourists' adaptive behaviors and advocacy for domestic destinations during COVID-19 using a combination of integrated generalized structured component analysis (IGSCA) and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). One thousand tourists from Thailand, South Korea, and China participated in the study. The results revealed that fsQCA's multiple configurations provided valuable insights into the antecedents affecting adaptive behavior and destination advocacy, which complemented IGSCA's symmetric results. The study affirmed the complexity of antecedents that impact outcomes and supported the notion of complexity theory in explaining tourists' destination supporting behavior. The study provided implications for future research in this area.

Perspectives towards hotel stay amidst the COVID-19 pandemic recovery stage: a research from Calamba city, Philippines

After the global tourism industry has experienced the impact of the pandemic, it is critical that people gain confidence in traveling and have the impression that staying in hotels is now safe, because only in this way tourism businesses such as hotels can be fully successful in recovering. For this reason, the researchers guided by a descriptive research design and quantitative research approach, aimed to determine what people think about staying in a hotel, particularly in terms of safety and security, price, location, and service quality, in the time of COVID-19 pandemic recovery stage, focused on the local community of Calamba City, Laguna, Philippines, being one of richest cities in the country and the place where the researchers reside. Moreover, a comparative analysis of the perspective of the respondents has been performed in terms of their age, sex, and educational attainment, identifying which age, sex and educational attainment groups have more positive or negative attitude, and a higher or lower level of hotel stay intention compared with other groups. Being the first study that has assessed the tourism market particularly in terms of their perspective on hotel stay as the hospitality industry attempts to recover from the impact of the pandemic, this is expected to provide a clear picture of the need for management of hotels to continuously work on marketing efforts highlighting the information that it is now safe to practice tourism and stay in their establishments, hence, serving as a guide in coming up with promotional strategies and an action plan, as well as a motivation for researchers who wish to determine the same in their locality or country.

Role of technology in motivating the graduate students in conducting research amidst the Covid-19 pandemic

Technology is already widely used in graduate school, especially in this new normal. Textbooks and references are reliable sources of reference materials while doing research;however, due to the pandemic, technology should be used to deliver the content of graduate school courses. However, not all graduate students have the motivation to conduct research. Thus, this study looked into the role of technology in motivating the students in the graduate studies in conducting research. This study employed the qualitative research approach and the convenience sampling was utilized to elicit the participants' perspectives on the role of technology in motivating graduate students in conducting research amidst the Covid-19 pandemic. An unstructured survey questionnaire was distributed to ten participants via google link. The findings were evaluated and interpreted in view of the documentary analysis. It has been discovered that there was a great impact of the role of technology in the graduate students to be motivated in conducting a research. Majority of the respondents believed that the use of technology paly a vital role in the conduct of research. This makes their life simpler and easier when supported with various technological tools, support from the adviser and the institution. The drawbacks, on the other side, can be utilized to strengthen the technological techniques of both professors and students in order to increase the motivation of the graduate students in their research writing. It was also found out that the graduate students are more motivated to conduct a study when they are provided with the library resources, support from the adviser, and support from the management or the institution. The research further suggests the potential solutions to the graduate students' problems through the use of themes that will form part of the role of technology in motivating the graduate students to do their thesis writing. This implies that technology has a greater impact in motivating the graduate students to write their thesis writing based on the result of the study. © 2023 Author(s).

Investigation of high school students' motivation for physical activity participation and eating attitude levels during the COVID-19 period

The aim of this study is to determine the motivation of high school students to participate in physical activity and their eating attitude levels during the COVID-19 period as well as to examine the relationship between the two variables. In addition, it was also determined whether the motivation for participate in physical activity and eating attitudes differ according to gender, weekly exercise, spending time with technology, family communication times, and participation in exercise during and before the pandemic. A total of 576 high school students, including 406 girls and 170 boys, participated in the study. "Motivation Scale for Participation in Physical Activity (MSPPA)", "Eating Attitude Test (EAT-40)" and "Personal Information Form (KBF)" were used as data collection tools. Data were evaluated using correlation, multiple linear regression, MANOVA and t-test analysis techniques. It was concluded that the motivation of the students to participate in physical activity was moderate, and they did not have eating disorders. It was observed that physical activity motivation did not predict eating attitude, but there were positive and low relationships between sub-factors in relational dimension. According to gender, it was determined that the eating attitudes of female students were more positive than male students. It has been found that the motivation to participate in physical activity is higher for those who exercise before and during the pandemic than those who do not. Consequently, it can be said that during the COVID-19 process, high school students' motivation to participate in physical activity is at a moderate level, and their eating attitudes are generally not at the level of behavioral disorders.

Analysis of the assessment profile of KrasSMU students providing medical aid to COVID-19 patients.

The aim of the research. To conduct a cluster analysis of the assessment profile of students who participated in work of medical organisations providing care to COVID-19 patients to develop recommendations for its correction. Material and methods. The study was carried out at the premises of Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University (KrasSMU). The study group was constituted by 66 students in 3-6 years of study of the Medical and the Paediatric faculties of the University who took part in activities of medical organisations providing healthcare to patients with COVID-19. The items were presented in the form of binary questions and ranking scales. The analysis of qualitative attributes was carried out in the form of relative values with calculation of the standard error of the proportion. For ranking and nonparametric quantitative characteristics, the mode, median, centiles (Me [P25;P75]) and other nonparametric criteria for comparative statistics and communication statistics were used. For segmentation of respondents according to some criteria, depending on the answers, the method "two-step cluster analysis" and the method of "decision tree" were used. Results. The results of the study indicate a high motivational component related to practical medical activity of medical students during the difficult epidemiological situation since 94.1% of the respondents declared the readiness to support practical healthcare. Almost half of the surveyed 47.0% of students included in cluster 2, in contrast to students of clusters 1 and 3, are characterised by a high opinion on the degree of their contribution to the struggle against the COVID-19 epidemic and a high level of knowledge and skills, rating themselves at about 9.0 points out of 10 possible. In addition, the results of the study indicate an association between the level of students' self-esteem in regard to their contribution to the fight against COVID-19 with the level of the students' self-esteem of knowledge and skills and the duration of work in a medical organisation. Conclusion. The analysis performed has made it possible to formulate guidelines for support of medical students' professional attitudes within the framework of practice-oriented education, including distance learning.Copyright © 2021, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University. All rights reserved.

An organizational analysis of how managers must understand the mental health impact of teleworking during COVID-19 on employees

PurposeThe unimagined workplace disturbance caused by the Coronavirus, also known as COVID-19, has made many organizations virtual or telework driven workplaces, often without the infrastructure and systems in place to support employees facing these sudden workplace changes (Burrell, 2020). Many stressors accompanied this transition, to include lack of childcare, home-school responsibilities and layoffs and business closings. These stressors have perpetuated concerns for the job and financial security for all workers (Fox, 2020), leading some employees to struggle with the work-life balance out of concern for being laid off due to perceived low productivity (Fox, 2020). This study aims to explore those manifestations.Design/methodology/approachThis qualitative research case study explores the impact COVID-19 induced telework has on their job satisfaction, mental well-being and aspects of organizational commitment to fill a gap in the literature concerning emerging workplace dynamics due to COVID-19 for small real estate businesses in the USA.FindingsThe results of this qualitative research case study provide knowledge and information about the need for small businesses to be resourceful and resilient in the way that they support and engage remote workers. This qualitative research case study explores the impact COVID-19-induced telework has on their job satisfaction, mental well-being and aspects of organizational commitment for small real estate businesses. The analysis of current work-life structures through a qualitative lens provides trends among workers to gain a greater perspective of the current accelerators and barriers to worker success in a COVID-19 teleworking environment.Originality/valueThis qualitative research case study explores the impact COVID-19 induced telework has on their job satisfaction, mental well-being and aspects of organizational commitment to fill a gap in the literature concerning emerging workplace dynamics due to COVID-19 for small real estate businesses. The value of this research is that majority of the participants were African-Americans, which represents a participant group that is highly under researched.

Factors Affecting Consumer Behaviour during COVID-19:A Case Study in Bangladesh

Customer shopping behaviour has changed and people are becoming used to accessing, using and adapting to online shopping rather than visiting stores physically due to COVID-19 restrictions. It is not known how long the trend will last but it can be observed that there will be changes in current and future models in almost every business around the world. According to the 'Motivation-need theory' (1943), every individual considers five (5) key elements to fulfil their needs. It includes physiological survival, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization. The big question is why consumers act differently during the global pandemic, which does not support Maslow's 'Motivation-need theory'. It might be the panic situation all over the world, frustration of losing jobs, mental stress while isolated and many other factors that are making consumers act differently while shopping from e-commerce or different social media platform. This research study aims to examine the factors affecting consumer behaviour toward online purchasing during COVID-19 in Bangladesh. . © 2023 IEEE.

School Belonging in Online Instruction: Cross-Sectional and Prospective Relationships with Academic Adjustment in Higher Education Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The study aimed to analyse changes in school belonging in higher education students during online instruction and to verify its cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships with academic adjustment in the first and higher years of study. The research sample consisted of 169 higher education students (90.5% women, M = 21.71;SD = 2.63) in the first measurement (end of the winter term), and 77 respondents (96% women, M = 21.38;SD = 2.03) in the second measurement (end of the summer term). Self-report methods were used. Results showed a decline in school belonging among first-year students. School belonging significantly predicted academic adjustment, and the relationship with internal motivation persisted even four months later. The findings support the key role and need for facilitating school belonging in higher education students in the online environment. © 2023, Adam Marszalek Publishing House. All rights reserved.

Reading Habits of Deaf and Hard of Hearing Adults

Few studies exist on the reading habits of the deaf population, and most of those that do were published more than 20 years ago. Hence, changes in reading habits due to the availability to the deaf population of online reading material and portable electronic devices have likely occurred. Additionally, in the hearing population, confinement causes changes in reading habits. We used an online questionnaire to compare the reading habits of 102 deaf and hard of hearing adult residents of Spain both before and during COVID-19 confinement. In general, more reading occurred during confinement, although not all participants showed this pattern: Regular readers read more during lockdown. Motivations for reading were largely unaffected by confinement. Furthermore, the time spent reading was not related to the availability of books at home: More was read in digital format during confinement.

Adult learners with learning disabilities' motivation to succeed in higher education online learning during Covid-19

Many students had to transition to online learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic while other students were already enrolled in online education. Online study may hold additional struggles for students with learning disabilities. The problem addressed in this qualitative, phenomenological study was the motivating factors of online higher education students who have a learning disability during the COVID-19 pandemic. The theoretical foundation was Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Data were gathered through 10 semistructured interviews and then analyzed through the thematic analysis yielding five themes: (a) lack of professional support, (b) resources, (c) support system, (d) consistent motivation, and (e) low motivation. These findings showed that students needed support within families and educational institutions to continue to be successful in their schooling and motivated. Additionally, it showed that students needed resources to better help them succeed in their assignments. Implications for positive social change include better understanding of how students are motivated when doing online school despite the different challenges they may be experiencing. Additionally, this study may also contribute to social change by informing other students that they are not alone during the process of their education and that there are ways to continue to be motivated. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Influence of Transformational Leadership on Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Organizational Task Performance Cross Level Analysis on Micro Small and Medium Enterprises in Indonesia: Acces la Success

In industry 4.0, individual behavior in organization is still very much considered as the main determinant of organizational performance. Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) is one of the unique behavior of individuals affecting the effectivity of the organization. This study focuses on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) based on the aspects of antecedents and their consequences. This study aims at examining (1) the indirect influence of transformational leadership on individual performance through organizational citizenship behavior motivation (OCBM) and OCB, (2) the direct influence of OCB on individual performance and organizational performance, (3) the direct influence of OCB for individual performance and organizational performance. This study was conducted to 66 heads of small business and 410 employee at small business in West Sumatera and analyzed using cross level methods and hypothesis testing using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM). This study found that 1). OCBM and OCB simultaneously mediate the relation between transformational leadership with individual performance and also have role in elevating the individual performance, 2) individual performance is the mediator between OCBM with organizational performance and it contributes in elevating the organizational performance. The theoretical and practical implications of this study are the tranformational leadership (TL) is able to motivate the members to carry out OCB actively in organizations. Some limitations and future research directions are discussed.

Development of Borobudur Integrated Ecosystem to Improve Tourist Motivation Visit

This paper discusses the development of Borobudur's integrated ecosystem to improve tourist motivation visit. The approach used is analyzing twenty papers related to tourist motivation, making synthesis, and producing a critical view for each related article, and using the keywords from each article to conduct a semi-structured interview. This research aims to increase Millennial tourists' length-of-stay by determining the tourists' motivation and the tourists' expectations before visiting Borobudur temple. The results show that the factors influencing tourists' visits are the perceived quality and perceived cost. The perceived quality is the quality of tourist services, destination appearance, and the emotional experience tourists expect to get. The perceived cost is the monetary and non-monetary cost tourists spend to visit. Perceived quality and cost will greatly influence tourists' behavioural intentions to visit or even revisit intention. This research focuses only on the Borobudur area and Millennials tourists visiting Borobudur in a window of time. This research timeline was January to March before the COVID-19 happened. The findings of this study will be useful for stakeholders and academics. The government could use this study to produce a thematic road map for the Borobudur area.

No jab, no international travel? Linking TRA, mass media, motivation, and experience

Despite mixed emotions about COVID-19 vaccination as a precondition for international travel, COVID-19 vaccination is being advocated as one of the instruments that could facilitate safe free movement during the COVID-19 pandemic. Accordingly, the purpose of the present research is to distinguish the underlying mechanisms that could predict individuals' intentions to take the COVID-19 vaccine as a precondition for international travel. The conceptual framework was built on the extended theory of reasoned action (TRA), which incorporates mass media coverage, travel motivations, and previous travel experience. An online purposive sampling technique was utilized in this study, and 1188 responses were collected. Subsequently, structural equation modeling was utilized to test the proposed model. The originality of the present study lies with unraveling the mechanisms that affect the intention to take the COVID-19 vaccine as a precondition for international travel. In addition, the discussions are presented in subsequent sections of the paper.

Do Academic Stress, Academic Burnout, Resilience Influence Student Achievement Motivation?

Distress in online learning issues that have caused student stress, burnout and influenced student motivation achievement in the post-COVID-19 pandemic. The survey's primary purpose was to understand the effect of academic stress, burnout, and resilience on student achievement motivation. It consisted of 152 participants of Thai and international students who filled out the questionnaires. The data were analyzed utilizing SPSS (demographic data) and Smart PLS 3. The results denoted a direct and significant influence of academic stress on burnout and resilience on achievement motivation, a positive and insignificant impact of stress on resilience and burnout on achievement motivation, and a negative and non-significant influence of stress on achievement motivation and burnout on resilience. © 2023 IEEE.

Exploring the influence of self-efficacy and autonomy on outdoor recreation behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic

Outdoor Recreation (OR) provides the benefits of physical activity and traditional leisure placed in an outdoor environment. Motivation, self-efficacy, and autonomy can increase depending on the physical and social environment. This study explored the relationship between self-efficacy and autonomy on OR behaviors and identified barriers and facilitators to OR during the COVID-19 pandemic. Survey information was collected from 995 U.S. adults (93.6% white, 64.0% female) regarding OR behaviors, changes in OR during COVID-19, and OR self-perceptions. Significant positive correlations existed between autonomy and self-efficacy (r = 0.138, p < 0.01), and self-efficacy and pre/post pandemic OR behaviors 2020 (r = 0.158, p < 0.01), (r = 0.129, p < 0.01) respectively. Qualitative data implied barriers and facilitators to OR as: social, mental health, and increased or changed OR/physical activity. Implications from this research are beneficial to OR and health professionals to promote overall physical and mental well-being for OR participants.

Preparation, Exercising, and Motivation in Sports Practice during COVID-19 Pandemic among Young Football Players in Bosnia and Herzegovina

The Covid-19 outbreak has also led to significant changes in football, such as the suspension of leagues, isolation, and the fact that football players are forced to train on their own. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if there were differences in the level of preparation, practices, and motivation for athletic training among young professional football players during the Covid-19 pandemic, depending on the level of competition. The sample of respondents consisted of 82 young football players from Bosnia and Herzegovina, divided into the first league group (n=47, 18.30±0.62 age) and the second league group (n=35, 17.66±0.73 age). The questionnaire for sports preparation and training (SPEQ) was used, which consists of 11 items and was created according to the existing questionnaire for self-assessment of the level of preparation and type of training of athletes during the training process in the Covid-19 pandemic. Also, a questionnaire on sports motivation during the Covid-19 pandemic was used, consisting of 18 items related to motivation to participate in sports, modified according to the Participation Motivation Questionnaire (PMQ). A five-point Likert scale was used for the questionnaire. The questionnaire was available in electronic form and was sent to the football players through a Google form. The difference was found only in the frequency of the type of exercise in two variables, while there were no differences between the groups of young football players in the other variables of training frequency, level of preparation, and motivation in sports training. It was also established that despite the Covid-19 situation, the motivation for sports training among young football players was at a very high level. © 2023 Montenegrin Sports Academy. All rights reserved.